Концептуальні засади судово-ветеринарної експертизи в Україні: теорія, методологія та праксеологія: автореф. дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня д-ра юридичних наук : 12.00.09 - Кримінальний процес та криміналістика; судова експертиза; оперативно-розшукова діяльність
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Харків
Анотація
Дисертація є першою в українській юриспруденції кваліфікаційною науковою працею, в якій на основі комплексного й системного дослідження розроблено концептуальні теоретичні, методологічні та праксеологічні засади формування й реалізації СВЕ в системі експертного забезпечення правосуддя в Україні; надано науково обґрунтовані пропозиції, спрямовані на вдосконалення законодавства (КПК, ЦПК, ГПК, КАС, КК, КУпАП) та відомчих підзаконних нормативно-правових актів, а також упроваджено рекомендації щодо використання спеціальних ветеринарних знань під час досудового розслідування правопорушень, вчинених проти життя і здоров’я тварин. У роботі сформульовано теоретичні положення судово-ветеринарної експертизи – принципи, предмет, об’єкт, завдання, методи дослідження. Проаналізовано правовий статус судветексперта як суб’єкта процесуальних правовідносин і судово-експертної діяльності. Аргументовано методологічні основи судово-ветеринарної експертизи: окреслено етапи і стадії її призначення та проведення, обгрунтовно й розроблено методики судововетеринарних досліджень трупів та живих тварин. Уперше розроблено теоретико-гносеологічну конструкцію феноменів ступеня тяжкості шкоди, заподіяної здоров’ю тварини, каліцтва тварин, дефектів надання ветеринарної допомоги та дефектів організації і проведення ветеринарно-санітарних заходів. Наведено теоретико-праксеологічне обґрунтування форм і напрямів реалізації експертної ініціативи під час проведення судово-ветеринарної експертизи, інтеграції спеціальних ветеринарних знань у комплесні судовоекспертні дослідження. Розкрито напрями оптимізації шляхів ефективного застосування судово-ветеринарної експертизи в судочинстві.
This thesis is the first qualifying scientific work in Ukrainian jurisprudence to establish a unified conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and praxeological framework for developing and applying forensic veterinary examination within the system of expert support for justice in Ukraine. Well-founded proposals aimed at improving legislation (CPC, Civ. PC, CCP, CAP, CC, CUAO), departmental subordinate legal regulations, and guidelines on the use of specific veterinary expertise during the pre-trial investigation of offenses committed against the lives and health of animals, have been presented. The paper delves into theoretical provisions of forensic veterinary examination: principles of forensic expert activities in Ukraine, how these principles are utilized in forensic veterinary research, subject of forensic veterinary examination and its significance for the theory and practice of forensic science, concept of the object of forensic veterinary examination and epistemological characteristics of veterinary medicine objects, tasks performed in the course of forensic veterinary examinations, forensic veterinary methods and their application during forensic veterinary research. The legal status of a forensic veterinarian, from the standpoint of their being a subject of procedural legal relations and forensic expert activity under the updated Ukrainian legislation, is analysed. It is emphasised that enhancing Ukraine’s legislation on the status of forensic experts during their professional activities, regardless of the type of legal proceedings, requires the rights, obligations, and legal restrictions of these forensic experts to be systematised and consolidated in Ukraine’s Fundamental Law On Forensic Examination. At the same time, corresponding articles of procedural codes should be of a blanket nature, referring to the rules of the Fundamental Law and thereby ensuring clarity, ease of understanding, and effective application of the law. The methodological basis of forensic veterinary examination is also wellargued: the author outlines its stages and phases of appointment and conduct, substantiates and develops methodologies for forensic veterinary examination of carcasses and live animals. The paper reveals the fundamental nature of expert research stages of animal carcasses, and outlines the specifics of applying specific veterinary expertise during the examination of an animal carcass at the scene. For the first time, expert research stages of a live animal are theoretically justified, and their importance in praxeological terms is emphasized. A theoretical and epistemological40 framework has been developed for the phenomena of the severity of harm caused to animal health, animal mutilation, and defects in the provision of veterinary care and as well as in the organisation and conduct of veterinary and sanitary measures. Forms and directions for carrying out expert initiatives during a forensic veterinary examination and for integrating specific veterinary expertise into multidisciplinary forensic examinations are provided and substantiated from both theoretical and praxeological perspectives. Ways to streamline the effective application of forensic veterinary examination in judicial proceedings are defined. Certain aspects of drawing up a resolution on the appointment of a forensic veterinary examination by an authorised person are highlighted. It has been proven that the investigator or prosecutor is obliged to engage a forensic expert to perform a forensic veterinary examination, specifically to determine the cause of the animal’s death or the nature and severity of harm inflicted on the animal’s health. The author presents a draft list of questions relating to a live animal, an animal carcass, feed, and feed additives for animals, which should be set out in the specialized Scientific and Methodological Guidelines. It is demonstrated how a forensic veterinarian’s conviction influences the formation of expert findings. Peculiarities of drawing up expert findings based on the results of the conducted forensic veterinary examination of a carcass and a live animal are detailed. The study focuses on the differential approach to presenting illustrative material in a forensic expert’s findings and its significance in ensuring the objectivity and argumentation of conducted research. Grounds, criteria, methods are systematised and procedural features for examining, verifying and evaluating the forensic veterinarian’s findings are specified.
This thesis is the first qualifying scientific work in Ukrainian jurisprudence to establish a unified conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and praxeological framework for developing and applying forensic veterinary examination within the system of expert support for justice in Ukraine. Well-founded proposals aimed at improving legislation (CPC, Civ. PC, CCP, CAP, CC, CUAO), departmental subordinate legal regulations, and guidelines on the use of specific veterinary expertise during the pre-trial investigation of offenses committed against the lives and health of animals, have been presented. The paper delves into theoretical provisions of forensic veterinary examination: principles of forensic expert activities in Ukraine, how these principles are utilized in forensic veterinary research, subject of forensic veterinary examination and its significance for the theory and practice of forensic science, concept of the object of forensic veterinary examination and epistemological characteristics of veterinary medicine objects, tasks performed in the course of forensic veterinary examinations, forensic veterinary methods and their application during forensic veterinary research. The legal status of a forensic veterinarian, from the standpoint of their being a subject of procedural legal relations and forensic expert activity under the updated Ukrainian legislation, is analysed. It is emphasised that enhancing Ukraine’s legislation on the status of forensic experts during their professional activities, regardless of the type of legal proceedings, requires the rights, obligations, and legal restrictions of these forensic experts to be systematised and consolidated in Ukraine’s Fundamental Law On Forensic Examination. At the same time, corresponding articles of procedural codes should be of a blanket nature, referring to the rules of the Fundamental Law and thereby ensuring clarity, ease of understanding, and effective application of the law. The methodological basis of forensic veterinary examination is also wellargued: the author outlines its stages and phases of appointment and conduct, substantiates and develops methodologies for forensic veterinary examination of carcasses and live animals. The paper reveals the fundamental nature of expert research stages of animal carcasses, and outlines the specifics of applying specific veterinary expertise during the examination of an animal carcass at the scene. For the first time, expert research stages of a live animal are theoretically justified, and their importance in praxeological terms is emphasized. A theoretical and epistemological40 framework has been developed for the phenomena of the severity of harm caused to animal health, animal mutilation, and defects in the provision of veterinary care and as well as in the organisation and conduct of veterinary and sanitary measures. Forms and directions for carrying out expert initiatives during a forensic veterinary examination and for integrating specific veterinary expertise into multidisciplinary forensic examinations are provided and substantiated from both theoretical and praxeological perspectives. Ways to streamline the effective application of forensic veterinary examination in judicial proceedings are defined. Certain aspects of drawing up a resolution on the appointment of a forensic veterinary examination by an authorised person are highlighted. It has been proven that the investigator or prosecutor is obliged to engage a forensic expert to perform a forensic veterinary examination, specifically to determine the cause of the animal’s death or the nature and severity of harm inflicted on the animal’s health. The author presents a draft list of questions relating to a live animal, an animal carcass, feed, and feed additives for animals, which should be set out in the specialized Scientific and Methodological Guidelines. It is demonstrated how a forensic veterinarian’s conviction influences the formation of expert findings. Peculiarities of drawing up expert findings based on the results of the conducted forensic veterinary examination of a carcass and a live animal are detailed. The study focuses on the differential approach to presenting illustrative material in a forensic expert’s findings and its significance in ensuring the objectivity and argumentation of conducted research. Grounds, criteria, methods are systematised and procedural features for examining, verifying and evaluating the forensic veterinarian’s findings are specified.
Опис
Ключові слова
судова експертиза, судово-ветеринарна експертиза, теоретико-правові засади, праксеологічні засади, судово-ветеринарне дослідження, судово-ветеринарний експерт, методологія, методика, методи, предмет, об’єкт, завдання судово-ветеринарного дослідження, висновок експерта, forensic examination, forensic veterinary examination, theoretical and legal principles, praxeological foundations, forensic veterinary research, forensic veterinarian, methodology, technique, methods, subject, object, tasks of forensic veterinary examination, expert findings
Бібліографічний опис
Яценко І. В. Концептуальні засади судово-ветеринарної експертизи в Україні: теорія, методологія та праксеологія: автореф. дис. … д-ра юридичних наук : 12.00.09 - Кримінальний процес та криміналістика; судова експертиза; оперативно-розшукова діяльність; наук. конс. Е. Б. Сімакова-Єфремян. Харків, 2026. 43 с.