Differential pathomorphological diagnosis of mammary gland pathology in dogs and cats

Abstract

The theme of the work is differential pathomorphological diagnosis of pathologies of the mammary glands of dogs and cats. The purpose of the work was to conduct pathomorphological differential diagnosis of breast pathologies with an inflammatory basis, neoplasia, diseases based on tissue growth pathology and differentiation (dysplasia, lobular hyperplasia). The topic of work corresponds to the areas of research conducted at the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The work was carried out during the period of study in the magistracy, on the basis of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, lifetime sampling of the pathmaterial was carried out in the veterinary clinic of the city of Kharkov – "Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine". Methods of work: clinical, pathocytological, pathohistological. A total of 18 cases were investigated. In experimental animals, pathmaterial was selected through the use of diagnostic clinical and pathomorphological methods: fine needle aspiration puncture, incision and excision biopsy, smears, smears, prints, paraffin slides were made. Methods of coloring pathocytological and histological preparations: according to Romanovsky-Mai-Grunwald, hematoxylin-eosin. Microscopy was carried out on the microscope Axioscop-40, if necessary, an immersion system was used. histological differential diagnosis, gradation of the degree of malignancy, pathocytological examination was carried out in accordance with modern recommendations in veterinary oncopathology. The results of the study. It was found that the most common pathologies of the mammary gland of dogs and cats during the study were neoplasia - 67% (tubulopaglar carcinomas - 4 cases, carcinoma, complex type – 1, intraductal papillary carcinoma – 2, cystic papillary carcinoma – 2 cases, solid carcinoma -1 case, adenoma complex with polycystosis – 2 cases); hyperplastic pathologies – 22% (fibroadenomatous hyperplasia – 2 cases, lobular hyperplasia – 1 case, fibrocystic mastopathy – 1 case); Mastitis 11%. In addition, it should be noted that carcinomas of the 2nd and 3rd degree of histological gradation were often complicated by the development of inflammation. Therefore, the use of cytological diagnostics in the case of carcinoma is not small enough diagnostic value. Cytological diagnosis is advisable to use only as an additional method of studying breast pathologies. Pathocytological examination cannot be used as the main method of differential diagnosis. In all cases of mastitis, the cytological diagnosis coincided with pathohistological, but it should be noted that the differentiation of mastitis from tumors complicated by inflammation is complex and impossible only at the pathocytological level. As for hyperplastic pathologies, clinical research is of great importance, the presence of characteristic macroscopic changes, cytological diagnosis is not informative, it has its own characteristics. Differential pathomorphological diagnosis of various pathologies of the mammary gland of dogs and cats is presented in the form of a table. The results can be used by practicing veterinarians.