Каштанова мінуюча міль на території с. Докучаєвське Харківського району Харківської області
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Харків: ДБТУ
Abstract
Дослідження виконані на гіркокаштані звичайному у «Парку ветеранів» в с. Докучаєвське Харківського району Харківської області у 2023 р. В умовах Харківської області каштанова мінуюча міль розвивається у трьох поколіннях. Зимуючою стадією каштанової мінуючої молі є лялечка. Метелики першого покоління почали літати 21 травня, масовий літ відмічено з 4 червня по 19 червня, кінець льоту спостерігався 3 липня. Гусениці почали з’являтися 3 червня, масова поява відмічена з 7 червня по 2 липня, кінець появи гусениць спостерігався 24 липня. Перших лялечок було відмічено 9 липня, масова поява відмічена з 11 липня по 4 серпня, кінець появи спостерігався 10 серпня. На початок появи метеликів другого покоління було відмічено 12 липня, масовий літ відмічено з 12 липня по 24 липня, кінець льоту спостерігався 4 серпня. Перші гусениці з’явилися 21 липня, масова поява відмічена з 25 липня по 14 серпня, кінець появи гусениць спостерігався 19 серпня. Перші лялечки другого покоління відмічені вперше 16 серпня, масова поява відмічена з 16 по 26 серпня, кінець появи гусениць спостерігався 12 серпня. Тривалість розвитку першого покоління в середньому складала 58 діб, а другого покоління – 45 діб. В середньому у 2023 році каштанова мінуючи міль розвивалася 51,5 діб. При обліку 11 травня були виявлені листя каштану ушкоджені балом 1,2. Найбільше були ушкоджені листя з балом 1 (84 шт.). 18 травня листя були пошкоджені балом 1, 2, 3. Найбільше були пошкоджені листя з балом 2 (61 шт.). 25 червня листя були пошкоджені балом 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Найбільше були ушкоджені листя з балом 3 (58 шт.). 2 липня при проведені обстежень листя каштану були пошкоджені балом 2, 3, 4, 5. Найбільше були пошкоджені листя з балом 4 (56 шт.). 9 липня листя каштану були пошкоджені балом 3, 4, 5, 6. Найбільше були пошкоджені листя з балом 4 (44 шт.). 15 липня листя каштану були пошкоджені балом 3, 4, 5, 6. Найбільше були пошкоджені листя з балом 4 (46 шт.). Ін’єкція препаратів Камеркіл Плюс 25 SL, в.р.к., Вермітек 018 ЕС, к.е., Актара 25 WG, в.г. у стовбури дерев є високоефективним з тривалою дією методом, який доцільно застосовувати для захисту насаджень каштанів від каштанової мінуючої молі. Теоретичні розрахунки економічної ефективності застосування Камеркіл гелю, 20 % г з нормою витрати 2,7 (мл) на 1 дерево проти каштанової молі отримали прибавку у вигляді збережених 95 грн на дерево. Додатковий умовний чистий прибуток склав 215 грн. Окупність додаткових витрат становила 2,16 грн при рентабельності 116 %.
The research was carried out on common bitter chestnut in the "Veterans' Park" in the village of Dokuchaevskoe, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region in 2023. In the conditions of Kharkiv region, the chestnut-leaf moth develops in three generations. The overwintering stage of the chestnut transient moth is a pupa. Butterflies of the first generation began to fly on May 21, the mass flight was observed from June 4 to June 19, the end of the flight was observed on July 3. Caterpillars began to appear on June 3, mass emergence was noted from June 7 to July 2, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on July 24. The first pupae were observed on July 9, mass emergence was observed from July 11 to August 4, the end of emergence was observed on August 10. The beginning of the appearance of butterflies of the second generation was noted on July 12, the mass flight was noted from July 12 to July 24, the end of the flight was observed on August 4. The first caterpillars appeared on July 21, mass emergence was noted from July 25 to August 14, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on August 19. The first pupae of the second generation were observed for the first time on August 16, mass emergence was observed from August 16 to August 26, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on August 12. The duration of development of the first generation was 58 days on average, and the second generation – 45 days. On average, in 2023, the chestnut mincing moth developed for 51.5 days. During the accounting on May 11, chestnut leaves were found damaged with a score of 1.2. The leaves with a score of 1 (84 pcs.) were most damaged. On May 18, the leaves were damaged with a score of 1, 2, 3. The most damaged leaves were with a score of 2 (61 pcs.). On June 25, the leaves were damaged with a score of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The most damaged leaves were with a score of 3 (58 pieces). On July 2, during the survey, chestnut leaves were damaged with a score of 2, 3, 4, 5. The most damaged were leaves with a score of 4 (56 pcs.). On July 9, chestnut leaves were damaged with score 3, 4, 5, 6. The most damaged were leaves with score 4 (44 pieces). On July 15, chestnut leaves were damaged with score 3, 4, 5, 6. The most damaged were leaves with score 4 (46 pieces). Injection of drugs Kamerkil Plus 25 SL, v.r.k., Vermitek 018 ЕС, k.e., Aktara 25 WG, v.g. in tree trunks is a highly effective and long-lasting method that is advisable to use to protect chestnut plantations from the chestnut transient moth. Theoretical calculations of the economic efficiency of the use of Kamerkil gel, 20% g with a rate of consumption of 2.7 (ml) per 1 tree against the chestnut moth received an increase in the form of saved UAH 95 per tree. Additional conditional net profit amounted to UAH 215. Payback of additional costs was UAH 2.16 with a profitability of 116%.
The research was carried out on common bitter chestnut in the "Veterans' Park" in the village of Dokuchaevskoe, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region in 2023. In the conditions of Kharkiv region, the chestnut-leaf moth develops in three generations. The overwintering stage of the chestnut transient moth is a pupa. Butterflies of the first generation began to fly on May 21, the mass flight was observed from June 4 to June 19, the end of the flight was observed on July 3. Caterpillars began to appear on June 3, mass emergence was noted from June 7 to July 2, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on July 24. The first pupae were observed on July 9, mass emergence was observed from July 11 to August 4, the end of emergence was observed on August 10. The beginning of the appearance of butterflies of the second generation was noted on July 12, the mass flight was noted from July 12 to July 24, the end of the flight was observed on August 4. The first caterpillars appeared on July 21, mass emergence was noted from July 25 to August 14, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on August 19. The first pupae of the second generation were observed for the first time on August 16, mass emergence was observed from August 16 to August 26, the end of caterpillar emergence was observed on August 12. The duration of development of the first generation was 58 days on average, and the second generation – 45 days. On average, in 2023, the chestnut mincing moth developed for 51.5 days. During the accounting on May 11, chestnut leaves were found damaged with a score of 1.2. The leaves with a score of 1 (84 pcs.) were most damaged. On May 18, the leaves were damaged with a score of 1, 2, 3. The most damaged leaves were with a score of 2 (61 pcs.). On June 25, the leaves were damaged with a score of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The most damaged leaves were with a score of 3 (58 pieces). On July 2, during the survey, chestnut leaves were damaged with a score of 2, 3, 4, 5. The most damaged were leaves with a score of 4 (56 pcs.). On July 9, chestnut leaves were damaged with score 3, 4, 5, 6. The most damaged were leaves with score 4 (44 pieces). On July 15, chestnut leaves were damaged with score 3, 4, 5, 6. The most damaged were leaves with score 4 (46 pieces). Injection of drugs Kamerkil Plus 25 SL, v.r.k., Vermitek 018 ЕС, k.e., Aktara 25 WG, v.g. in tree trunks is a highly effective and long-lasting method that is advisable to use to protect chestnut plantations from the chestnut transient moth. Theoretical calculations of the economic efficiency of the use of Kamerkil gel, 20% g with a rate of consumption of 2.7 (ml) per 1 tree against the chestnut moth received an increase in the form of saved UAH 95 per tree. Additional conditional net profit amounted to UAH 215. Payback of additional costs was UAH 2.16 with a profitability of 116%.
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Citation
Мирошниченко О. А. Каштанова мінуюча міль на території с. Докучаєвське Харківського району Харківської області: кваліфікаційна робота магістра: спец. 202 – Захист і карантин рослин; наук. кер. І. В. Забродіна; Харків: ДБТУ, 2023. 71 с.